IYINI i-Santeria +27813355791?
UbuSanteria badabuka eCuba njengenhlanganisela yeNkolo YaseNtshonalanga Afrika Yase-Yoruba kanye nobuKhatholika base-Iberia. Ingenye yezinkolo ezadalwa abantu base-Afrika abalethwa eziqhingini zaseCaribbean njengezigqila. Yathuthukiswa ukuze izigqila zase-Afrika ziqhubeke nenkolo yazo yendabuko eZweni Elisha. Njengakuwo wonke amazwe lapho izigqila zase-Afrika zathathwa khona, abaphathi bezigqila baseCuba badikibala futhi ngezinye izikhathi benqabela umkhuba wezinkolo zabo zomdabu.
Kunalokho, izigqila zaseCuba zaphoqeleka ukuba zilandele imikhuba yeSonto LamaKatolika, eyayiphambene nezinkolelo zezinkolo zazo zomdabu. Beqaphela ukufana phakathi kwenkolo yabo yendabuko nobuKatolika, bakha inkolo eyimfihlo ukuze bajabulise abaphathi babo abayizigqila futhi banelise izidingo zabo ezingokwenkolo. UbuSanteria busebenzisa osanta bamaKatolika nabantu ngabanye njengemingcele kankulunkulu wabo no-Orishas (izithunywa ezingokomoya). Lapho isigqila sithandaza ku-Orisha, kwakubonakala sengathi sithandaza kusanta.
Ngemva kokuba ezinye izigqila sezikhululiwe eCuba, zakha ubuSanteria ngesisekelo sezinkolelo nemikhuba yakudala yamaYoruba. Amasiko enkolo ase-Afrika ahlanganiswa nesiko laseSpain ukuze akhe amaqembu anobunjalo obuhlukile. Laba baba nethonya kubuSanteria ngokuhlanganisa isici sokukhanyiselwa komoya emikhubeni yabo. Le nqubo yokufuna ukukhanya iye yahlanganiswa ekukhulekeleni ama-Orisha. UbuSanteria basakazeka ngokushesha eZweni Elisha phakathi kwezigqila ezazivela eNtshonalanga Afrika. Lapho ukuhweba ngezigqila kunqatshelwe, umkhuba wobuSanteria waqhubeka.
Le nkolo yayiqhutshwa ngasese, ngoba abantu babengawathandi amasiko axakile abomdabu base-Afrika. Namuhla, isidingo sokugcina inkolo iyimfihlo ngokuvamile siye sashabalala; kwenziwa namuhla ngenxa yomqondo oqinile wesiko. I-Santeria manje iphila ngamanani amancane emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele: e-US (New York, Florida), amazwe aseNingizimu Melika, naseYurophu. Kusaqhutshwa kakhulu ngasese, kodwa kuye kwavela amasonto ambalwa, anikeza abantu indawo yokwenza ubuSanteria ngokukhululekile. Kunamasonto amaningana e-United States asebenzisa ubuSanteria.
UbuSanteria abanayo imibhalo engokomthetho ebhaliwe yenkolo yabo. Idluliswa ngomlomo kumathwasa. Lokhu kungenxa yesiko eliminyene lezindaba ezixoxwayo ukuze kudluliselwe izinkolelo nezindlela zokukhulekela kwenkolo.
I-Candomblé iyinkolo yama-Afro-American eqhutshwa kakhulu eBrazil. Le nkolo yavela e-Afrika yafika eBrazil ngabapristi base-Afrika abafika njengezigqila phakathi kuka-1549 no-1888.
Nakuba ekuqaleni kwakwenziwa abantu abayizigqila, uCandomble wavalwa isonto lamaKhatholika. I-Candomble yaze yabhekwa njengebugebengu ngabanye ohulumeni, i-Candomblé yachuma iminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amane, futhi yakhula ekudumeni kwayo ngasekupheleni kwawo-1800. Namuhla iyinkolo enkulu, emisiwe, eyavunyelwa ngokomthetho uhulumeni waseBrazil ngo-2003, enabalandeli bazo zonke izigaba zomphakathi kanye namashumi ezinkulungwane zamathempeli. EBrazil yanamuhla, abantu baseBrazil abangaba izigidi ezimbili (1.5% yenani eliphelele) baye bamemezela ukuthi i-candomblé njengenkolo yabo. Kodwa-ke, esikweni laseBrazil, izinkolo azibonwa njengezikhethekile, futhi abantu abaningi bezinye izinkolo bahlanganyela njalo emasikweni e-Candomblé. Onkulunkulu be-Candomblé, amasiko, namaholide manje ayingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yase-Brazil.
Iyini i-Candomble yaseBrazil?
Sawubona futhi. Iziqondiso zethu kanye nama-Orisha ayingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yemikhuba yethu yansuku zonke kanye nomsebenzi wethu. Nalu ulwazi oluncane ngabo nokuthi bamele ini. Ngithemba ukuthi uzosijabulela lesi sihloko futhi usithole sifundisa.
AmaSanteri anamazinga amahlanu ahlukene wamandla ku-cosmology yesiYoruba:
Olodumare ,
I-Orisha,
Abantu,
Amadlozi Omuntu,
kanye neqembu eliphansi, elihlanganisa izitshalo, izilwane, izinhlangano zemvelo, nezinto ezikhiqizwayo.
Bakholelwa kunkulunkulu oyedwa ophakeme, u-Olodumare (owaziwa nangokuthi u-Olorun ). Ungumthombo ophakeme womlotha, amandla angokomoya akha indawo yonke, konke ukuphila, nezinto ezibonakalayo.
Orisha
U-Olurun uxhumana nomhlaba nge-Orisha. U-Orisha ubusa phezu kwawo wonke amandla emvelo nakuzo zonke izici zokuphila komuntu. Bangasondelwa kubo ngomthandazo, iminikelo yemikhuba, kanye nokuba ne-trance, futhi kungabalwa ukuthi basize abalandeli futhi babaqondise empilweni engcono nangokomoya.
U-Orisha ngamunye kuthiwa unenombolo ekhethekile, umbala, kanye "nezinto eziyintandokazi," njengokudla noma usuku lwesonto. Imibala imelelwa ngokwenza imigexo yobuhlalu ngokwendlela u-Orisha abafisa ukuyenza. ukukhonza. Lezi zihlukanisa ama-Orisha komunye nomunye lapho othile efuna ukwenza umnikelo kothile.
U-Orisha ngamunye ungumqaphi phezu kwengxenye ethile yokuphila komuntu. Ama-Orisha abalulekile abhalwe ngezansi, njengoba kukhona izinkulungwane zangempela zika-Orisha Ama-Orisha amathathu okuqala asohlwini - u-Elegba, u-Ogun, no-Oshosi - angababheki ezindabeni zempi futhi abizwa ngokuthi amaGuerreros noma amaQhawe.
Elegba (Eleggua) - umnikazi wemigwaqo neminyango kulo mhlaba. Ume ezimpambanweni zesintu kanye nobuNkulunkulu, umlamuli phakathi kuka-Olorun no-Orisha nabantu. Akukho okungenziwa kunoma yimuphi umhlaba ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe. Imibala yakhe ibomvu nemnyama kanti inombolo yakhe ingu-3.
U-Ogun - unkulunkulu wensimbi, impi, nomsebenzi. Uhlanza imigwaqo ngocelemba wakhe ngemva kokuba u-Elegba eyivulile. Umele udlame nokudala, nokho futhi ubuqotho. Ulawula ukuphila nokufa. Imibala yakhe iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomnyama kanti inombolo yakhe ingu-7.
U-Ochosi - umzingeli, inhloli, nomvikeli wamaqhawe. Usebudlelwaneni obuseduze no-Obatala, futhi ungumhumushi wakhe. Ungumhlinzeki wesiqondiso ekuphileni komuntu. Imibala yakhe iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nophuzi kanti izinombolo zakhe zingu-3 no-7.
Obatala - ubaba we-Orisha nabo bonke abantu. Ungumdali womhlaba futhi ugcizelela ubulungiswa emhlabeni. Ungumthombo wakho konke okuhlanzekile, okuhlakaniphile, okunokuthula, ukuziphatha, ukuziphatha, nozwela. Umbala wakhe umhlophe, futhi inombolo yakhe ngu-8.
Chango - umbusi wombani nokuduma. Uphinde abe yiqhawe futhi ufuna ukuzibandakanya empilweni nokuphila impilo ngokugcwele. Ubhekana nezinselelo zansuku zonke. Imibala yakhe ibomvu nemhlophe kanti izinombolo zakhe zingu-4 no-6.
Oya - umbusi wemimoya nezivunguvungu. Ubusa abafileyo namasango amathuna. Uyiqhawe elinolaka futhi wake waba unkosikazi kaChango. Imibala yakhe i-maroon futhi imhlophe, futhi inombolo yakhe ingu-9.
I-Oshun - ibusa phezu kwamanzi omhlaba -- imifula, imifudlana, nemifudlana. Uhlanganisa uthando, ubuhle, nokuzala. Umele igazi eligeleza futhi adale impilo yomuntu. Ubuye ahlotshaniswe namasiko kanye nobuciko obuhle. Ungomncane kunabo bonke kuma-Orisha futhi uyisithunywa endlini ka-Olorun. Imibala yakhe iphuzi nesagolide kanti inombolo yakhe ingu-5.
I-Yemaya - ibusa phezu kwezilwandle namachibi. UnguMama wabo bonke kanye nempande yayo yonke ingcebo. Ujulile futhi akaziwa njengamanzi awabusayo. Uphinde abe yindlovukazi yabathakathi nezimfihlo. Ubhekwa njengo-Orisha wesihe, kuyilapho engalokothi afulathele izingane zakhe. Imibala yakhe iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomhlophe kanti inombolo yakhe ingu-7.
I-Babalu Aye - ehlotshaniswa nesifo (ikakhulukazi ingxibongo). Abagulayo bayakhuleka kuye ngethemba lokuthi uzolulama. Unokunambitheka okulula futhi akalindeli okuningi. Imibala yakhe imhlophe futhi iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi inombolo yakhe ingu-17.
I-Orishaoco - ibusa izitshalo nezolimo. Ngakho, nguyena ophethe wonke amathuluzi abalimi. Uxazulula izingxabano phakathi kwama-Orisha, ikakhulukazi lawo aphakathi kukaChango namakhosikazi akhe. Umbala wakhe u-lilac.
U-Osain - udokotela we-Orishas. Ulawula wonke amakhambi okwelapha kanye nemilingo. Izigubhu ezisetshenziswa emikhosini zingcweliswe kuye. Imibala yakhe imhlophe, ibomvu, iphuzi 31.
SANTERIA?
I-Ibeyi - izingane zika-Oshun kanye neChango. Bayafana ngezindlela eziningi futhi bangabantwana okuthiwa ama-Orishas. Zihlotshaniswa nempahla ebonakalayo. Zinemibala efanayo neyabazali bazo -- ophuzi negolide (Oshun), obomvu nomhlophe (Chango).
I-Orunmila - ihlanganisa ukuhlakanipha nokubhula; yenza iziphetho zethu. Ungu-Orisha wabapristi (Babalawos), aziveza kuye ngobuhlakani kuphela. Bahambisana neThebula le-Ifa, lapho kugcinwe khona izimfihlo zendawo yonke kanye nempilo yethu. I-Oshun iwulwazi kuyilapho i-Orunmila ingukuhlakanipha. Laba ababili kumele basebenze ndawonye ngoba "ukuhlakanipha okungenalwazi kuyize -- umuntu onolwazi ngaphandle kokuhlakanipha uyingozi kubo nakwabanye" Imibala yakhe iluhlaza futhi iphuzi futhi inombolo yakhe ingu-16.
Ukuxhumana no-Orisha kwenziwa ngezindlela eziningana: umthandazo, ukubhula okungokwesiko, neminikelo (ebo - umhlatshelo). Iminikelo ingenziwa kwabakwa-Orisha, ngezinto ezinjengoswidi, amakhandlela, nezithelo, ukubala okumbalwa. Izici zomuntu ngamunye zika-Orisha ngamunye zibalulekile, njengoba zinikeza abantu indlela yokuhlukanisa ukuthi baxhumana kanjani no-Orisha abafuna ukuthandaza kuye. Umuntu ugqoka umgexo onobuhlalu onamaphethini ayinkimbinkimbi yobuhlalu bemibala ye-Orisha afisa ukuyithandaza. Izinombolo, imibala, kanye nezilwane ezithile zifundisa umuntu ukuthi anikele kanjani ku-Orisha ngayinye. Ngenxa yokuthi u-Orisha ngamunye umele isici esihlukile sempilo, umuntu angakhetha ngokukhetha i-Orisha noma ama-Orisha amaningana azothandaza kuwo, kuye ngezidingo zabo. Bangakwazi futhi ukulalela iseluleko esinikezwa ama-Orisha ngale ndlela.
I-Ebo iqukethe izigaba eziningi zomhlatshelo nokunikela kuma-Orisha. "Kuneminikelo efana ne-addimú engahlanganisa amakhandlela, izithelo, uswidi, nanoma iyiphi inombolo yezinto ezingase zaziswa onkulunkulu noma ama-orisha enkolweni. Ekubhuleni, ama-orisha angase acele isithelo noma isidlo asithandayo, noma Ngezinye izikhathi bangase bacele umuntu ukuba ayeke ukuphuza noma eminye imikhuba engahlakaniphile kulowo muntu, bacele umuntu ukuba agqoke ubucwebe obuthile, amukele amathwasa noma ezinye izinto eziningi.